18. Quiz: Reading and Writing Files
Calling the
read
Method with an Integer
In the code you saw earlier, the call to
f.read()
had no arguments passed to it. This defaults to reading all the remainder of the file from its current position - the whole file. If you pass the
read
method an integer argument, it will read up to that number of characters, output all of them, and keep the 'window' at that position ready to read on.
Let's see this in an example that uses the following file,
camelot.txt
:
We're the knights of the round table
We dance whenever we're able
Here's a script that reads in the file a little at a time by passing an integer argument to
.read()
.
with open("camelot.txt") as song:
print(song.read(2))
print(song.read(8))
print(song.read())Outputs:
We
're the
knights of the round table
We dance whenever we're able
You can try out this example by creating your own
camelot.txt
and
example.py
files with the text above.
Each time we called
read
on the file with an integer argument, it read up to that number of characters, outputted them, and kept the 'window' at that position for the next call to
read
. This makes moving around in the open file a little tricky, as there aren't many landmarks to navigate by.
Reading Line by Line
\n
s in blocks of text are newline characters. The newline character marks the end of a line, and tells a program (such as a text editor) to go down to the next line. However, looking at the stream of characters in the file,
\n
is just another character.
Fortunately, Python knows that these are special characters and you can ask it to read one line at a time. Let's try it!
Read the next line
QUESTION:
Use the relevant part of the Python documentation to find a method that reads the next line of a file. Put the name of the method in the box.
SOLUTION:
NOTE: The solutions are expressed in RegEx pattern. Udacity uses these patterns to check the given answer
Conveniently, Python will loop over the lines of a file using the syntax
for line in file
.
I can use this to create a list of lines in the file. Because each line still has its newline character attached, I remove this using
.strip()
.
camelot_lines = []
with open("camelot.txt") as f:
for line in f:
camelot_lines.append(line.strip())
print(camelot_lines)Outputs:
["We're the knights of the round table", "We dance whenever we're able"]Quiz: Flying Circus Cast List
You're going to create a list of the actors who appeared in the television programme Monty Python's Flying Circus.
Write a function called
create_cast_list
that takes a filename as input and returns a list of actors' names.
It will be run on the file
flying_circus_cast.txt
(this information was collected from imdb.com). Each line of that file consists of an actor's name, a comma, and then some (messy) information about roles they played in the programme. You'll need to extract
only
the name and add it to a list. You might use the
.split()
method
to process each line.
Start Quiz: